Sunday, February 26, 2012
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Gallium Indium Supply Dynamics
Gallium mining and extraction
Similar to Indium, Gallium is the result of an extraction process. There are no primary Gallium mines. Gallium is extracted from bauxite as part of the bauxite-alumina-aluminum refining flow, which most commonly utilises the Bayer liquor process.
Its melting point is actually only 85.58°F (29.76°C).
On the other hand, one of gallium's peculiar characteristics is that it can be easily supercooled, i.e., cooled to below its freezing point without becoming a solid. And its boiling point is high, at 3,999°F (2,204°C). Indeed, it has the longest liquid range of all elements.
And even when it's solid, gallium is so soft you can cut it with a knife.
Gallium Photo
By all accounts, bauxite is plentiful in the earth's crust and is widely distributed geographically and politically. Similar to Indium, this contributes to stability of supply of Gallium feedstock. Interestingly, only a small portion (less than 10%) of the potentially available Gallium in the bauxite is actually extracted. Hence, the existing flow of bauxite processing offers tremendous capacity increases. Historically, the low extraction volume was limited more by the relatively small demand and economics of relatively low prices. For all practical purposes, Gallium output is limited only by facilities investment and capacities.
Gallium supply
Gallium metal is now plentiful with intermittent volatility. In 2000–2001 Gallium saw a significant price decrease, primarily due to inventory stocking by the cell-phone supply chain when a feared shortage failed to materialise. In addition, poor communication up and down the supply chain contributed to a hoarding of material against a phantom demand. Hence, a massive over-supply (glut) followed, driving prices to historic lows. The more recent constrained availability of Gallium during 2007, and the resultant price run-up, is an example of this intermittent volatility and does not reflect any long term concern about supply.
As with many minor metals, the supply/demand balance of Gallium is difficult to fully track, and more difficult to forecast going forward. This lack of transparency is a secondary factor driving intermittent volatility.
A near-term supply/demand shortfall that is forecast, is due to the time required to bring facilities on-line. On a cumulative basis, prior year surpluses helped in the past to fill demand in subsequent years. Despite the small forecasted shortfall in 2007 and 2008, Gallium remains in a surplus condition.
Conclusion
Indium- and gallium-containing raw materials exist abundantly worldwide. The metals industry has been investing in process improvements and capacity over the last few years to bring more Indium and Gallium to the market. As described, price volatility and short-term availability will continue intermittently due to numerous factors including the time-lag required to install additional capacity, Government regulation, and the lack of information that suppliers receive about future demand. But overall, we anticipate adequate Indium and Gallium supply and continued price affordability for current and new applications.
Thursday, February 2, 2012
Since h2o water is a covalent bond molecule, water molecules can be aligned by applying a voltage field to them.
When this voltage field is applied and then removed at a fast rate, some of the covalent bonds are broken permanently and in the case of distilled water, make a clean, renewable, FREE fuel to burn by releasing the gases of hydrogen and oxygen that make it up USING A NEW AND HIGHLY EFFICIENT SCIENTIFIC INNOVATIVE STRATEGY!
When the water molecules respond (try to line up their covalent polar geometries) to the 1500 VDC electrostatic field over a 1 mm. distance there are many more complex combinations of molecular strings in that geometry (than in the flat plate capacitor scenario) . Stanley said that he got 3 times more production using the concentric tube geometry as compared to the flat plate capacitor geometry. Then it's probably logical to assume that there are more complex geometric collision vectors in the radial setting. Interestingly, not much has been written about the spark pug geometry as he evolved his technology to move away from the submerged concentric 316L and stainless 304 concentric radial design era of development. Perhaps he became more aware of the need for secrecy as his models improved and were then a bigger threat to oil and other energy domains in the world.
Still, the thought of ultrasonic fogger mists progressing through a series of electrified needle valves may have occurred. He may have found that high pressure water injection gassified the water successfully and readied it for electrostatic dissociation pulsed (in a HV DC field?) just before entering the combustion chamber as hydrogen, oxygen, and some unknown amount of water vapor about to convert to steam after ignition.
It's also important to remember that once the Dune Buggy has reached a certain level of performance
the industries opposing competetion of this magnitude must try to protect themselves and Mr Meyer was very aware of all this. His secrecy had to increase involving his fuel maker/injector, which represents an significant evolution in his ability to apply the breakthrough of Voltrolysis (No Current Electrolysis) to
automotive applications. Remember that the Genius of a single individual is taking on a Multitrillion Dollar Industry with no Government Protection (Why Not?)!
Dan Danforth quote from Stanley Meyer:
"In the original setup that Stan Meyer showed us, he used 36 volts as the basic potential applied to the reaction chamber. He also commented that stainless steel ( 410 not 403 )(304 OR 316L) was the only metal that could be used as oxides formed with all others. His original chamber used 18 inch long by 0.375 inch diameter (o.d.) rod surrounded by 1 inch diameter (i.d.) 16 inch long pipe. The reason for the difference in length is for mechanical ease of construction. My prototype used 14 inch long rod and 12 inch long pipe of similar diameters as the drawing indicates."
Danforth continues:
"The purpose of establishing the Hydrogen Fracturing technology which ahs been developed is to use energy from the atom to produce a system which would lend itself to mass production. Meyer is now in the process of integrating the Electrical Polarization Generator (EPG) into the Hydrogen Fracturing Process. The Electrical Polarization Generator is in essence a gas battery which produces electric energy directly from the fuel cell gases without chemical interaction. The significance of the voltage is that it is a potential energy source, not consumed energy. The most significant point is that the influence of voltage has a phenomenal effect on the splitting of the water molecule and does it in a controlled state. Voltage from the Electrical Polarization Generator separates the water molecule economically by not consuming power. It's a new technology --- bringing the water molecule from a liquid to gas ionization state, which in turn sets up the Hydrogen Fracturing Process of destabilization of the gas atoms to release their atomic energy. The process consumes very little power to accomplish this task."
Many speak against the truth of this discovery for various reasons! The verifiable fact remains that Jean Louis Naudin, in France, Ravi Raju in India, hyiq.org, ... all have duplicated the No Current separation of distilled water into Hydrogen and Oxygen SUCCESSFULLY!
Trust Me, these successful Meyer replicators don't care what you believe about the facts. Reality, fortunately, is not subject to our approval or disapproval.
When the water molecules respond (try to line up their covalent polar geometries) to the 1500 VDC electrostatic field over a 1 mm. distance there are many more complex combinations of molecular strings in that geometry (than in the flat plate capacitor scenario) . Stanley said that he got 3 times more production using the concentric tube geometry as compared to the flat plate capacitor geometry. Then it's probably logical to assume that there are more complex geometric collision vectors in the radial setting. Interestingly, not much has been written about the spark pug geometry as he evolved his technology to move away from the submerged concentric 316L and stainless 304 concentric radial design era of development. Perhaps he became more aware of the need for secrecy as his models improved and were then a bigger threat to oil and other energy domains in the world.
Still, the thought of ultrasonic fogger mists progressing through a series of electrified needle valves may have occurred. He may have found that high pressure water injection gassified the water successfully and readied it for electrostatic dissociation pulsed (in a HV DC field?) just before entering the combustion chamber as hydrogen, oxygen, and some unknown amount of water vapor about to convert to steam after ignition.
It's also important to remember that once the Dune Buggy has reached a certain level of performance
the industries opposing competetion of this magnitude must try to protect themselves and Mr Meyer was very aware of all this. His secrecy had to increase involving his fuel maker/injector, which represents an significant evolution in his ability to apply the breakthrough of Voltrolysis (No Current Electrolysis) to
automotive applications. Remember that the Genius of a single individual is taking on a Multitrillion Dollar Industry with no Government Protection (Why Not?)!
Dan Danforth quote from Stanley Meyer:
"In the original setup that Stan Meyer showed us, he used 36 volts as the basic potential applied to the reaction chamber. He also commented that stainless steel ( 410 not 403 )(304 OR 316L) was the only metal that could be used as oxides formed with all others. His original chamber used 18 inch long by 0.375 inch diameter (o.d.) rod surrounded by 1 inch diameter (i.d.) 16 inch long pipe. The reason for the difference in length is for mechanical ease of construction. My prototype used 14 inch long rod and 12 inch long pipe of similar diameters as the drawing indicates."
Danforth continues:
"The purpose of establishing the Hydrogen Fracturing technology which ahs been developed is to use energy from the atom to produce a system which would lend itself to mass production. Meyer is now in the process of integrating the Electrical Polarization Generator (EPG) into the Hydrogen Fracturing Process. The Electrical Polarization Generator is in essence a gas battery which produces electric energy directly from the fuel cell gases without chemical interaction. The significance of the voltage is that it is a potential energy source, not consumed energy. The most significant point is that the influence of voltage has a phenomenal effect on the splitting of the water molecule and does it in a controlled state. Voltage from the Electrical Polarization Generator separates the water molecule economically by not consuming power. It's a new technology --- bringing the water molecule from a liquid to gas ionization state, which in turn sets up the Hydrogen Fracturing Process of destabilization of the gas atoms to release their atomic energy. The process consumes very little power to accomplish this task."
Many speak against the truth of this discovery for various reasons! The verifiable fact remains that Jean Louis Naudin, in France, Ravi Raju in India, hyiq.org, ... all have duplicated the No Current separation of distilled water into Hydrogen and Oxygen SUCCESSFULLY!
Trust Me, these successful Meyer replicators don't care what you believe about the facts. Reality, fortunately, is not subject to our approval or disapproval.
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